Outline for May 24, 2002

Handouts:Tnone

Reading: Johnsonbaugh and Kalin, pp.  679-702 (appendix of useful functions)

1.	Greetings and felicitations!

2.	Libraries

a.	compiling with libraries

b.	common libraries: stdio, ctype

3.	Standard I/O Library (#include <stdio.h>)

a.	open file: fopen

b.	unstructured read/write: getchar, fgetc (getc), putchar, fputc (putc)

c.	formatted read/write: fgets (gets), fscanf, fputs (puts), fprintf

d.	structured read/write: fread, fwrite

e.	random access: fseek, ftell, rewind

f.	close file: fclose

g.	miscellaneous: feof, ferror, clearerr

4.	Character types and conversions (#include <ctype.h>)

a.	alphabetics, numerics, alphanumerics: isalnum, ialdigit, isxdigit, isalpha

b.	upper, lower, and conversions: isupper, islower, toupper, tolower

c.	types of chars: iscntrl, isgraph (not blank, printable), isprint (printable), ispunct, isspace

5.	String conversion (#include <stdlib.h>)

a.	string to number: atoi, atof, atol

6.	String functions (#include <string.h>)

a.	compare: strcmp, strncmp, strcasecmp, strncasecmp; memcmp

b.	copy: strcpy, strncpy; memcpy (no overlap), memmove (overlap okay)

c.	find character: strchr (index), strrchr (rindex), strpbrk; memchr

d.	length: strlen

7.	Memory  management (#include <stdlib.h>

a.	Allocation: malloc, calloc

b.	Release: free, cfree (deprecated)

c.	Reallocation: realloc()

8.	Miscellaneous

a.	terminate program (exit); include <stdlib.h>

b.	sort array of data (qsort); include <stdlib.h>

c.	time of day (time, ctime); include <time.h>

d.	execute cvommand (system); include <stdlib.h>

9.	Debugging

a.	programs have bugs; find and fix them

b.	static debugging: insert debugging code into source, recompile and run

c.	dynamic debugging: look at the program as it runs, observing (and maybe changing) variables, etc.

10.	Static debugging 

a.	using printf to print variable values; mention %p (prints pointer value, usually as a hex integer)

b.	using printf to print where you are (ie, on function entry printf("in function\n");

c.	#ifdef DEBUG - #endif around the printfs so you can leave them in the source if you need them again

d.	assert(x) macro: assert(0 <= i && i <= n) causes program to exit with error message if (0 <= I && I <= n) is 
false; must include <assert.h>.  To delete, say #define NDEBUG and they will not be in the compiled code.

11.	Dynamic debugging

a.	debugging tool instruments executable program so it can be stopped, examined, altered, and continued inter-
actively

b.	go through the handout

c.	mention the "where" command which shows you the program stack