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RÛb.RÜc.RÝ 9.RÞ a.Rßb.Ràc.Rád.Râ 10.Rã a.Räb.Råc.$ÂdÃqÁÂdÃ:ÂdÃMR$$ ÂdÃM " H—´m³Rë‹™M H—´m³Rë‹™H RH R Footnote HÀrýÀ@‹™MHÀrýÀ@‹™HÀz·¯HÀz·¯ Single LineH§À´ŽÿðM Footnote ‚ ÀM ‚ À ‚ À™‚ HÀ¨ýÀD­‹™M HÀ¨ýÀD­‹™HÀ°·¯HÀ°·¯ Double LineHÀ¹ÿðÁÔŒM Double LineÁÔM ÁÔÁÔ„ÁÔM „ÁÔ„ÁÔ„HÀ…ÿúÁÔŠM  Single LineÁÔM ÁÔÁÔHZÀ´…ÿðM " TableFootnoteÂdÃ5p HHÁÔˆ5xHHÁÔˆ‰ÿÿG†ªªe HHÁÔˆ5zHHÁÔˆŽÿðl $$ÂÂÐ:$$ÂÂÐÀwÿýqG†ªªBm V $$ÂÂÐ:$$ÂÂÐŽÿðl€} : GeHeadings Table €} :  Ge €} :  Ge €}l: lG eHeading Level HÂíUVÁÔ 5„HÂíUVÁÔ ‰ÿÿG†ªªe HÂíUVÁÔ 5†HÂíUVÁÔ Žÿðl H$ÁÔ 5‡H$ÁÔ –G†ªªe H$ÁÔ 5‰H$ÁÔ Žÿðl HHÁÔˆ5ŠHHÁÔˆÂÿÓ.. `Notes for December 5, 2000  †ªªªªª`Greetings and Felicitations! u¹ª©`Final study guide q`Puzzle of the day ‚`Lattice Model ‚`|Set of classes  ÍSC Ê is a partially ordered set under relation ² with GLB ( ÏÄ Ê) Ï,  ÊLUB ( ÏÅ Ê) ‚`0Note: ² is reflexive, transitive, antisymmetric ‚ nApplication to MLS: forms a lattice with elements being the Cartesian product of the linear lattice of levels Àª£@%and the subset lattics of categories ‚ ÀŸª¢ =Examples: (A, C) ² (AÕ, CÕ) iff A ² AÕ and C  ÏÍ Ê CÕ; 0À«ª¡=(A, C)  ÏÅ Ê (AÕ, CÓ) = (max(A, AÕ), C  ÏÈ Ê CÕ) @=(A, C)  ÏÄ Ê (AÕ, CÕ) = (min(A, AÕ), C  ÏÇ Ê CÕ)  ÀƪŸ`XExample: ( { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, ² ); ( {stages of painting by the numbers }, containment) €`Biba: mathematical dual of BLP z`6P may read O if L(P) ² L(O) and C(P)  ÏÍ Ê C(O) {`7P may write O if L(O) ² L(P) and C(O)  ÏÍ Ê C(P) }`$Combined with BLP: continue example ~` Clark-Wilson  pTheme: military model does not provide enough controls for commercial fraud,  Íetc Ê. because it does not Á,ª˜@%cover the right aspects of integrity ‚Á;ª— iData items: ÒConstrained Data ItemsÓ (CDI) to which the model applies, ÒUnconstrained Data Items (UDIs) 0ÁGª–lto which no integrity checks are applied, ÒIntegrity Verification ProceduresÓ (IVP) that verify conformance gto the integrity spec when IVP is run, ÒTransaction ProceduresÓ (TP) takes system from one well-formed @state to another ‚Ánª“ %Certification and enforcement rules: 0Ázª’PC1. All IVPs must ensure that all CDIs are in a valid state when the IVP is run kC2. All TPs must be certified to be valid, and each TP is assocated with a set of CDIs it is authorized to manipulate ^E1. The system must maintain these lists and must ensure only those TPs manipulate those CDIs lE2: The system must maintain a list of User IDs, TP, and CDIs that that TP can manipulate on behalf of that ;user, and must ensure only those executions are performed. ^C3. The list of relations in E2 must be certified to meet the separation of duty requirement. WE3. The sysem must authenticate the identity of each user attempting to execute a TP. jC4. All TPs must be certified to write to an append-only CDI (the log) all information necessary to resonstruct the operation. kC5. Any TP taking a UDI as an input must be certified to perform only valid transformations, else no transhformations, for any possible value of the UDI. The transformation should take the input from a UDI to a NCDI, or the UDI is rejected (typically, for edits as the keyboard is a UDI). pE4. Only the agent permitted to certify entities may change the list of such entities associated with a TP. An @^agent that can certify an entity may not have any execute rights with respect to that entity. ‚Â1ªƒ`Malicious logic ‚`^Quickly review Trojan horses, viruses, bacteria; include animal and ThompsonÕs compiler trick ‚`%Logic Bombs, Worms (Schoch and Hupp) ‚ `)Ideal: program to detect malicious logic ‚`>Can be shown: not possible to be precise in most general case A‚`BCan detect all such programs if willing to accept false positives HHÁÔˆ5ŒHHÁÔˆ$Žÿðl€}À: ÀG eParagraph Format €}À:!ÀG e Comments €}l: )lGe4 ÀE¸ÏÀGxÅÀRªù‹™MÀE¸ÏÀGxÅÀRªù‹™ÀE¸ÏÀPwÀE¸ÏÀPw TableFootnote HHÁÔˆMSHHÁÔˆÀóÿï$‚†ªªÂ|ª~`=Can constrain case enough to locate specific malicious logic ‚†ªª jCan use: writing, structural detection (patterns in code), common code analyzers, coding style analyzers, ’ª©@einstruction analysis (duplicating OS), dynamic analysis (run it in controlled environment and watch) ‚¡ª¨`(Best approach: data, instruction typing ‚ÿû2V`On creation, itÕs type ÒdataÓ ‚`4Trusted certifier must move it to type 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