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Table All7Table<$paranumonly>, <$paratext>, on page<$pagenum>Table Number & Page'Table<$paranumonly> on page<$pagenum> Handout DateJanuary 7, 1999Heading <$paratext> Number Only<$paranumonly>AHHTMLHeadings2A;;==??A35y??? 5 5*D3.Ba.?*???"?$?& ?( ?* ?, ?. ?0 ?2 ?4 ?6 ?8 ?: ?< ?> ?@ ?B ?D ?F ?H ?J ?L ?N ?P ?R ?T ?V Da.>+E(6.?X ?Z ?\ ?^ ?` ?b ?d ?e ?f ?h ?j ?l ?n ?p ?r ?t ?v ?x ?z ?{ ?| ?~ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? @ @ @ @ @ @  @  @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @  @" @$ ABADAFAH AJ AL AN AP AR AT@& @( @* @, @. @0 @2 @4 @6 @8 @: @< @> @@ @B @D @F @H @J @L @N @P @R @T @V @X @Z @\ @^ @` @b @d @f @h @j @l @n @p @r @t @v @x @z @| Db.@~ @ @ @@Dc.>1.D4.@@ @ @ @ AV AX AZ@ @ @ @ @ A\ A^ A` @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ Ab Ad Ae@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @ @ @ A A A A A  A AAAA A A A A A A  A" A%A'A)A+ A- A/ A1 A3 A5 A6Da.Db.Dc.Ed.Ee.E5.Ea.Eb.E2.Ea.Eb.E c.E)a.E*b.E+c.E,d.E-e.E.f.E/g.E0h.2dqdE322d? HmR? HmRHRHRFootnote Hr@? Hr@HzHz Single LineH? Footnote ?   HD?  HDHH Double LineH? Double Line? ? H?  Single Line? HZ?  TableFootnote EGxR?EGxREPwEPw TableFootnoted5p HHˆ5xHHˆGe HHˆ5zHHˆld?d?dHl d?d1lmpvy|  #'+/ADW3Bm       }d ?!d WeHTML Mapping Table }Hd ?Hd We }Hd ?Hd We HUV 5HUV Ge HUV 5HUV l H$ 5H$ Ge H$ 5H$ l HHˆ5HHˆk11( `Outline for April 18, 2000 S`Greetings and felicitations! `0Office hours this week after today: W4-5, Th2-3 =D`Biba >P`Integrity levels and trust ?`No reads down @` No writes up v` Integrity '`Trustworthiness L`*Why is it different than confidentiality? R`0How do you decide how trustworthy something is? T` Requirements 5`cUsers will not write their own programs, but will use existing production programs and databases. !6 kProgrammers will develop and test programs on a non-production system; if they need access to actual data, @gthey will be given production data via a special process, but will use it on their development system. !7 hA special process must be followed to install a program from the development system onto the production @system. 8`4The special process must be controlled and audited. !9 jThe management and auditors must have access to both the system state and to the system logs that are gen@erated. :` Clark-Wilson 1;" fTheme: military model does not provide enough controls for commercial fraud, etc. because it does not @%cover the right aspects of integrity !< bData items: Condtrained Data Items (CDI) to which the model applies, Unconstrained Data Items k(UDIs) to which no integrity checks are applied, Integrity Verification Procedures (IVP) that verify coniformance to the integrity spec when IVP is run, Transaction Procedures (TP) takes system from one well-@formed state to another )l %Certification and enforcement rules: pxPC1. All IVPs must ensure that all CDIs are in a valid state when the IVP is run RC2. All TPs must be certified to be valid, and each TP is assocated with a set of * CDIs it is authorized to manipulate HE1. The system must maintain these lists and must ensure only those TPs  manipulate those CDIs OE2: The system must maintain a list of User IDs, TP, and CDIs that that TP can O manipulate on behalf of that user, and must ensure only those executions  are preformed. QC3. The list of relations in E2 must be certified to meet the separation of duty  requirement. PE3. The sysem must authenticate the identity of each user attempting to execute a TP. KC4. All TPs must be certified to write to an append-only CDI (the log) all ; information necessary to resonstruct the operation. LC5. Any TP taking a UDI as an input must be certified to perform only valid T transformations, else no transformations, for any possible value of the UDI. T The transformation should take the input from a UDI to a CDI, or the UDI is C rejected (typically, for edits as the keyboard is a UDI). ME4. Only the agent permitted to certify entities may change the list of such V entities associated with a TP. An agent that can certify an entity may not have 5 any execute rights with respect to that entity HHˆ5HHˆ2l}Hd ?!Hd W e }Hd ?#Hd W e }H?%"H% FrameMaker PE Source Item }H ?'!$H We HTML Item }H ?)H We }H?+"%H WeInclude Auto# } H?-$' H We Comments }H?/H We }HH?1%(HH WeElement }H?3'+H We New Topic? }H?5H We } H?7 H We }H ?9(,H We P:Date Line }HH ?;+-HH WeP }H ?=,.H WeN }H ??-/H WeN } H ?A.0 H We }EH ?C/1EH We P:Reading }HEH ?E02HEH WeP }EH ?G13EH WeN }EH ?I24EH W eN } EH ?K35 EH W!e }QH ?M46QH W"eP:Title }HQH ?O57HQH W#eH* }QH ?Q68QH W$eN }QH ?S79QH W%eN } QH ?U8: QH W&e }]H ?W9;]H W*eP:Body }H]H ?Y:<H]H W+eP }]H ?[;=]H W,eN }]H ?]<>]H W-eN } ]H ?_=? ]H W.e }iH(?a>@iH( W/e P:Numbered1 }HiH(?c?AHiH((0eLI 1e Parent = OL Q2e Depth = 0 }iH(?g@BiH( W3eN }iH(?iACiH( W4eY } iH(?kBD iH( W5e }H ?mCEH  W6e P:Heading1 }HH ?oDFHH  W7eH* }H ?qEGH  W8eN }H ?sFHH  W9eN } H ?uGI H  W:e }H(?wHJH(  W;e P:Numbered }HH(?yIKHH(( <eP =e Parent = OL Q>e Depth = 0 }H(?}JLH(  W?eN }H(?KMH(  W@eY } H(?LN H(  WAe }H ?MOH  WBe P:CellBody }HH ?NPHH  WCeP }H ?OQH  WDeN }H ?PRH  WEeN } H ?QS H  WFe }H ?RTH  WGeP:CellHeading }HH ?SUHH  WHeP }H ?TVH  WIeN }H ?UWH  WJeN } H ?VX H  WKe }H ?WYH  WLe P:Footnote }HH ?XZHH  WMeP }H ?Y[H  WNeN }H ?Z\H  WOeN } H ?[] H  WPe }H(?\^H( WQe P:Bulleted }HH(?]_HH((ReLI Se Parent = UL QTe Depth = 0 }H(?^`H( WUeN }H(?_aH( WVeN } H(?`b H( WWe }H ?acH WXe P:Heading2 }HH ?bdHH WYeH* }H ?ceH WZeN }H ?dfH W[eN } H ?eg H W\e }H?fhH]% P:HeadingRuPEnIn }HH?giHH W^eP }H?hjH W_eN }H?ikH W`eN } H?jl H Wae }7H ?km7H Wbe P:Indented }H7H ?lnH7H WceP }7H ?mo7H WdeN }7H ?np7H WeeN } 7H ?oq 7H Wfe }CH?prCHg% P:TableFootPEnote }HCH?qsHCH WheP }CH?rtCH WieN }CH?suCH WjeN } CH?tv CH Wke }]H(?uw]H( Wle P:TableTitle }H]H(?vxH]H((meLI ne Parent = OL Qoe Depth = 0 }]H(?wy]H( WpeN }]H(?xz]H( WqeN } ]H(?y{ ]H( Wre }H ?z|H Wse P:BodySpaced }HH ?{}HH WteP }H ?|~H WueN }H ?}H WveN } H ?~ H Wwe }H ?H WxeP:Date }HH ?HH WyeP }H ?H WzeN }H ?H W{eN } H ? 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