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H 64Wka } H@4tv H 64Wla }&? @4uw&? 65Wma }?&H @4vx?&H 65Wna }&H @4wy&H 65Woa }8d @4x|8d 66WpaCross-Reference Macros }?8d @4?8d 66Wqa }?8d @4?8d 66Wra }H? @4y}H? 67Wsa Macro Name }?HH @4|~?HH 67Wta Replace With }HH @4}HH 67Wua Comments }T?@4~T? 68Wva See Also }?TH@4?TH68w! See Also: PA <$paratext> }TH@4TH 68Wxa }n? @4n? 69Wya }?nH @4?nH 69Wza }nH @4nH 69W{a }d @4 d 6:WaGeneral Macros }?d @4?d 6:Wa }?d @4?d 6:Wa }?d @4?d 6:Wa }? @4"? 6;Wa Macro Name dA' dA( d l dA) do  WBm }d A+ d  <W|aHeadings Table }Hd A- Hd  <W}a }Hd A/ Hd  <W~a }HA1 H =!Paragraph ForPAmat }HHA3 HH  =WaHeading Level }HA5 H  =Wa Comments }HA7 H >W aTitle }HHA9 HH  >Wa }HA; H  >Wa }KH A= KH  ?Wa Heading1 }HKH A? HKH  ?Wa }KH AA KH  ?Wa }WH AC WH  @Wa Heading2 }HWH AE HWH  @W a }WH AG WH  @W a }cH AI cH  AW a }HcH AK HcH  AW a }cH AM cH  AW a HHˆ;%HHˆ+)) HDVgraded as quickly as possible, usually within three class periods after I receive it. I$wHomeworks are due on the given date. If you have a reason for turning it in late, please discuss it with me. Im quite 0liberal about due dates in a graduate class, but I do  not  want to have to grade lots of papers at the end of the term, and vI cannot post answers until all the homework is in. If you turn homework in late without making arrangements first, I vwill take 10% off your score for every day it is late (including weekends, holidays, and any other classification you Dcare to use!) !J$vPlease think your answers through before writing them down in final form; a request for a proof requires a proof, not va statement that its probably right, and here are 15,000 examples to show it; a request for a discussion should be xtreated as an essay question, with a main theme and arguments for and against the answer. It is fair to present the facutors that affect your answer; it is not acceptable to begin by giving one answer in the introduction and a different tanswer in the conclusion! (Yes, youll lose points.) And, always show your work; if you simply write down a correct DManswer and do not show how you got that answer, you will not get any credit. !{${All homework must be submitted electronically, in text, Postscript, or PDF format. Please use the  handin  program D+described in  All About Homework . KdProject Lͪ$yThis class requires a term project requiring you to do outside reading, or apply what weve learned in class to a realis٪utic situation, or extend your knowledge beyond what is done in class. The project is an integral part of the course, 07 because it demonstrates youve learned enough to go beyond what we talked about in class. The section   Projects  Dxdescribes the requirements in some detail and suggests possible projects, as well as the required intermediate reports. N dGrading Od 50% Homework P(d 50% Project QUXdNote that there are no exams. cMdAcademic Integrity d_$Please see the Spring 2001  Class Schedule and Room Directory  for a general discussion of this. In particular, for this kDcourse: ez$gAll work submitted for credit must be your own. You may discuss your assignments with classmates, with uinstructors, or with readers in the course to get ideas or a critique of your ideas, but the ideas and words you sub0Áqmit must be your own. Unless explicitly stated otherwise in the assignment, collaboration is considered cheating D$and will be dealt with accordingly. f$kFor written homework, you must write up your own solutions and may neither read nor copy another students osolutions. You are at liberty to do research on a problem, but if you use outside sources, you must cite them. 0ǐvPlease do  not  copy an answer from somewhere els, because that defeats the purpose of the homework (which is D:to give you practice working with concepts and methods). gઋ$lFor programs, you must create and type in your own code and document it yourself. Note that you are free to 쪊D8seek help while debugging a program once it is written. qhV$qA good analogy between appropriate discussion and inappropriate collaboration is the following: you and a fellow sstudent work for competing software companies developing different products to meet a given specification. You and qyour competitor might choose to discuss product specifications and general techniques employed in your products, tbut you certainly would not discuss or exchange proprietary information revealing details of your products. Ask the DTinstructor for clarification  beforehand  if the above rules are not clear. HHˆ;'HHˆ?8 ld;(88 }?H @4 #?H 6;Wa Replace With }H A4"$H 6;WaHead }H A4#%H 6;Wa Comments }? A4$&? 6BWa }?H A4%'?H 6BWa }H A 4&(H 6BWa }H A 4')H 6BWa }d A4(,d 6CWaCharacter Macros }?d A4?d 6CW a }?d A4?d 6CW%a }? A4)-? 6DW&a Macro Name }?H A4,.?H 6DW'a Replace With }H A4-/H 6DW(a Comments }? A4.0? 6EW)a }?H A4/1?H 6EW*a }H A40H 6EW+a HHˆ7HHˆ3We HHˆ7;HHˆ22ldA"55dA#4d66 l dA$4dR15RUX[^adgjmpsvy| %),/ HHˆ;)!HHˆ]''8M d Syllabus jd6# DateTopic, Readings, and Other Information x d kJ$71.Tuesday, April 3Introduction to Computer Security !VDReading : 1 nh$F2. Thursday, April 5Foundations Part 1: Access Control Matrix, HRU !tDReading : 2, 3.13.2 o |d p$;3.Tuesday, April 10Foundations Part II: Take-Grant, SPM !DReading : 3.3, 3.4 r$04.Thursday, April 12Confidentiality Policies !DCReading : 4.14.4, 5.1, 5.2.15.2.2, 5.3 (not 5.3.1), 5.4 , d sު$'5.Tuesday, April 17Integrity Models !ꪯDReading : 6 u$$6.Thursday, April 19Other Models !DReading : 7 / d .($)7.Tuesday, April 24Basic Cryptography !4DReading : 9 1F$/8.Thursday, April 26Cryptographic Protocols !RD,Reading : 10.110.4, 10.6, 11.111.3 v Zd mr$,9.Tuesday, May 1Authentication, Identity !~DReading : 12, 14 y$B10.Thursday, May 3Design Principles, Access Control Mechanisms !DReading : 13, 15 4 d 3$A11.Tuesday, May 8Information Flow and the Confinement Problem !ȪDReading : 16, 17 5ڪ$&12.Thursday, May 10Malicious Logic !檰DReading : 18 H d Ed..Tuesday, May 15 no class  (SANS) Id'13.Thursday, May 17Network Security G  d 8dg.Tuesday, May 22 no class  (National Colloquium on Information Systems Security Education) LJd<14.Thursday, May 24Formal Methods: Specification, Design W~ R d HHˆ;+!HHˆ A77 ld;,AA HUV 7HUV ;W!e HUV 7=3HUV ::l H$ 7H$ =W"e H$ 7;H$ <<l HHˆ7HHˆƒ3((? `General Information ,` Instructor ` Matt Bishop $!I`^Office hours : M 3:00PM4:00PM and Th 4:00PM5:00PM Pacific Coast time, or by appointment 0`MOffice : 3059 Engineering Unit II Email : bishop@cs.ucdavis.edu 1`OPhone : (530) 752-8060 WWW : http://seclab.cs.ucdavis.edu/~bishop 2`_Note : Please put  ECS 253  in the subject of all email to help me see it quickly! 3` Lectures 4`.TuTh 12:10PM1:30PM in Room 1070, Banier Hall 5`Course Outline 6ê uElements of cryptography and data security; system security, and network security. Both theory and applications will Ϫ@+be covered, but theory will be emphasized. 7` Course Goals 8` Some goals we hope you achieve: 9`+learn the importance of computer security; :l`Cunderstand how to use cryptography in support of security services ;`7learn the basic theory and practise of secure systems; <`Kunderstand the types of security services needed for network security; and =`Nanalyze or survey some aspect of computer security and cryptography in depth. >Q3"`Text ?b }We will be using draft chapters of a book in preparation ( Computer Security: Art and Science ). These will be availn@able at the bookstore. @3 `Computer Programs A mThe homework assignments, and your project, may require computer programs. Any computer programs written for 0vthis class must be well documented, cleanly written, and have a manual page or write-up describing how to use it, its yinput, and its output. Include sample runs. If you have C or C++ available, I would prefer you use one of those; if not, @please check with me. B3`)Course Web Page, Handouts, and Newsgroup C ~The web page  http://nob.cs.ucdavis.edu/~ecs253  contains links to all course handouts (except for the published/copy@orighted papers). If that is not available, go to my web page and follow the link in the Quick Index section. !D nBecause we have some students without access to the UC Davis campus newsgroups, information about this class, ~homework assignments, office hours, and so forth, will be posted to the web page as well as to the  ucd.class.ecs253  snewsgroup. Read this newsgroup (or web page) daily, especially near the time assignments are due. You are responsiyble for everything posted. This newsgroup is not for discussion about the class, for but information from the instructor @to you. !E {If you want to post things about the class, please use the discussion newsgroup  ucd.class.ecs253.d. , or send the @qinstructor a mail message asking that something be posted. Discussing something in this group is perfectly fair! F`HPostings from both newsgroups will be copied to the web page regularly. Gn3` Homework WHݼ pThere will be 5 homework assignments. The due date will be on each assignment. I will try to have your homework HHˆ7HHˆ >> l HHˆ;-9HHˆ}  A|$P15.Tuesday, May 29Vulnerability Analysis and the Flaw Hypothesis Methodology !DReading : 19 d716.Thursday, May 31Auditing and Intrusion Detection  d Dd;17.Tuesday, June 5Secure Programming and Administration Vd*18.Thursday, June 7 to be arranged bd qTz$vThese topics are tentative and subject to change. If you want to hear about something and dont see it, please let me D/knowIm usually quite happy to talk about it! HHˆ;/9HHˆ8K@@ ld;0KK EGxR>EGxREPwEPw TableFootnote HHˆAHHˆE. dAll About Homework /$qThis handout describes some general thoughts and techniques for doing homework, as well as what is required, how D0to submit it, and other administrative matters. UMdTurning In Homework Y_$oAll homework is due at noon on the due date, unless noted otherwise on the assignment. (This way, you have no kuincentive to skip the class while finishing your homework at the last minute!) These will be graded and returned to DWyou as quickly as possible; Ill try for three class periods, but cant guarantee it . Z$qFor written homework, you must turn in an ASCII, a PostScript, or a PDF version of your answers (you can use any xtext processor you like to generate these). If you submit PostScript, please be sure the file will print on our depart0UOment printers (use  ghostscript  or  gs  to check this; if it displays the file properly, the file should print correctly). If your ~file is a postscript file, please choose a name that ends in .ps. If it is an ASCII file, please choose a name that ends in DN.txt. If your file is a PDF file, please choose a name that ends in .pdf. [Ū$pFor programs, turn in the source code and any related information (such as man pages and README files). Be sure Ѫthat we can recompile it  without errors  by typing make. You are free to use any programming language that is avail01UNrable on the CSIF and that I can get to. C, C++ or assembly is acceptable. Any of the languages in the programming tlanguages class is acceptable (assuming compilers and interpreters are available in the CSIF), and if you can write your programs in such a way that  troff (1) or  latex (1) can execute them, thats fine too. (Yes, someone once wrote a DtBASIC interpreter as a set of  troff  macros. It was very slow, but it worked.) But use lots of comments! \$Please turn in your homework electronically. Suppose you want to turn in the files  answers.ps  and  prog.c  for homeDBwork 3. To do this, go to the directory containing both and type ]+d)handin  cs253r hw3 answers.ps prog.c ^U($zThis program will submit your files to the ECS 253 grader (namely, me). A manual page for the  handin  program is F}attached. You have to do this from the CSIF;  handin  does not work from other systems. If you do not have access to ĚUtD_the CSIF, you can email it to me; please include the homework as an attachment if you do this. lidLate Homework #{$wHomeworks are due on the given date. If you have a reason for turning it in late, please discuss it with me. Im quite liberal about due dates in a graduate class, but I do  not  want to have to grade lots of papers at the end of the term, and 0vI cannot post answers until all the homework is in. If you turn homework in late without making arrangements first, I vwill take 10% off your score for every day it is late (including weekends, holidays, and any other classification you Dcare to use!) Qqd HHˆAHHˆNHDD ldAHH HHˆAFHHˆ44HdNAME d!handin file submission program d SYNOPSIS dX/usr/pkg/bin/handin  touser  [  subdirectory  [  files  ... ] ]  d DESCRIPTION  I$phandin provides a secure means of submitting files to another user, recounting what has already been submitted, TDBand listing what subdirectories exist for containing submissions.  cdUSAGE  odSubmitting files {$,With  touser ,  subdirectory  and  files  all specified, each file is copied to ~ touser /handin/ subdirectory / fromuser ,  named with the original files  basename (1), and made owned by  touser . The directory  fromuser  is made if it 0{doesnt already exist and is named after the invoking user. Each file specified should have a  basename (1) unique Diamong any files already submitted by that user to  subdirectory , unless overwriting is desired. dRecounting submissions dWithout  files  specified, information on previous submissions by the user to the specified  subdirectory  is shown. d%Listing existing  subdirectories ʪdRun with only  touser  specified,  handin  just lists the existing subdirectories (regardless of accessability). d EXAMPLES 媝$qThe following examples illustrate the use as a homework submission facility to the pseudo-user ``cs101 created Dfor this purpose:  UJdexample1%  handin cs101 d3Existing subdirectories (comments in parentheses): dAsn1 (Due Mar 18) dAsn2 (Due Mar 25) d-example2%  handin cs101 Asn1 part1 part2 dSubmitting part1... ok dSubmitting part2... ok d!example3%  handin cs101 Asn1 d.The following input files have been received: d6Thu Mar 17 14:50:49 1994 1599 bytes part1  d6Thu Mar 17 14:50:49 1994 3412 bytes part2 !xd SEE ALSO "drcvhandin (8) )d DIAGNOSTICS *$yhandin  itself provides only a little of the diagnostic information thats given and returns the number of errors enDWcountered as its exit status. Any other information comes from  rcvhandin (8). +d8Skipping  file : file non-existant or irregular -ƪ$tThe named file didnt exist or was probably a directory. The user should check to make sure that the file they specD3ified was indeed the file they intended to submit. 0⪊d+Skipping  file : file not readable 2d-The named file was not readable by the user. ;d:Submitting  file ... failed [:  reason  ] C drThe named file was not successfully submitted. If at all possible a reason is provided by  rcvhandin (8). Dd Submitting  file ... ok F%d+The named file was successfully submitted. J4dNOTES K@$handin  is really just a front-end to the  rcvhandin (8) program. The primary function of  handin  is to open the Knamed  files  with the effective user ID of the invoking user and pass on their contents to the  rcvhandin (8) program 0<{having the effective user ID of  touser . This design provides a simple and portable means for implementing a file DPsubmission facility in even a non-homogeneous, network-file-system environment. MpdAUTHOR WN|dHLou Langholtz, Department of Computer Science, University of Utah, 1994 HHˆAFHHˆEGG l HHˆ;1BHHˆ--Kw lProjects t,dWhy a Project? #$rThis course covers a very large discipline, and perhaps more so than many other areas of computer science the Itdiscipline of computer security runs through many other areas. Because the class has a very limited amount of time, 0Wwwe will only touch the surface of many topics. The project gives you an opportunity to explore one of these topics, or DWsome other area or application of computer security that interests you, in some depth. !9$sThe specific goal of the project is to produce a paper. The paper may document software (or hardware) work, so you pmay choose that kind of project. The paper must either be of publishable quality, or be publishable should some D+(small amount) of additional work be done. !-$sYou are free to work singly or in groups. Groups should have between 2 and 4 people; if you want to have more than D.4, please check with me  first .  %dSuggestions for How to Proceed &Ȫ$vFirst, choose a topic. Good ways to find a topic are to think about an area of computer science you enjoy, and try to Ԫxrelate it to computer security (or vice versa); talk to some other graduate students and see if what they are doing sug0ɪtgests any ideas; think of ways security of the system youre working on could be made better; go to the library and vbrowse for an interesting-looking paper; and so forth. The major computer security journals are  Computers & Secu rity ,  Journal of Computer Security  and the  ACM Transactions on Information and System Security,  but articles appear in almost all journals; the major conferences are  Crypto  and  Eurocrypt  (for cryptography),  S ymposium on Research in "Security and Privacy,   National Computer Security Conference , and the  A nnual Computer Security Applications ConDPference.  If you need more help or have questions, feel free to talk to me. (5d/Some Suggestions for Project and Report Topics $GdZThe following are just to get you thinking. You will need to do much refinement for each! 'V$sAnalyze your favorite Internet or network protocol with respect to specific security requirements. Is it adequate, bDGor should changes be made to enhance its ability to meet stated goals? :q$rDo a historical survey of computer viruses or worms. You will need to examine the differences of types of viruses }D+(or worms) as well as giving a chronology. <$qUC Davis has an electronic mail security policy. Is it reasonable or realistic? What are the legal implications? DFCould you improve it from the point of view of system administration? =$rLook at attack signatures and derive a little language to capture some class of them. Can you generalize your lanDMguage to include as many attacks as possible? Focus on the temporal aspects. >ªd7Add temporal logic to the Take-Grant Protection Model. ?zUW$sThe non-interference and non-deducibility results are related to multi-level security used to protect confidentialݪuity. Can you either extend those results to the Biba integrity model, or set up a similar notion for integrity-based TDor availability-based models? @$mHow would you look for non-secure settings of environment variables in an executing program? Can you develop ma wrapper that will check those values whenever a subprocess is spawned? (The motive here is that we may not 0Llqhave access to the source code, but can wrap the program so when it executes, the wrapper controls execution and DXcan stop the wrapped program to check state.) You may need to hack a kernel to do this. A+$Design and implement Kargers Trojan Horse checking scheme. Be sure you check  login ,  mail ,  etc.  because 7D2those are the programs attackers will instrument. BF$sPick a class of vulnerabilities, analyze it, and design tools to check for those problems in program. Substantiate RD@any claims of success by implementing a prototype and using it. Ra$sTake a popular security tool and improve it by adding to it, simplifying the user interface, or in some other fashmDlion. Support your claim of having improved it with some tests to demonstrate the new tool does work better. SS!|d2Or whatever you think you will find interesting HHˆ;3BHHˆANJJ ld;4NN HHˆ;5LHHˆN dWhat Is Due When dEAll submissions are to be made through the  handin  program. 6$hTuesday, April 16By this time you should have chosen your project. Turn in a 23 paragraph write-up of [what you want to do, and why; list several sources (at least 3), and describe how you plan 0UR$to go about completing the project. YYour submission is to be in HTML format; a template is on the web page. I will post this Dto the web page. 7m$wTuesday, May 15 By this time your project should be well underway. Turn in a  detailed  outline or design yZdocument (the latter if your project is primarily implementation). Be specific about what 0^UNXyou are doing, how, and what you expect (hope!) will be the result. Motivation is impor?tant; why should anyone other than you care about your result? VAgain, your submission is to be in HTML format; a template is on the web page. I will Dpost this to the web page. 8$qThursday, June 7 Your completed project is due. I will not post these on the web page unless you want me to RǪDJ(please indicate this in your submission). If you do, please supply HTML! HHˆ;7LHHˆKEMM ld>SWH$ >RUH$ TTl H$ >RH$ SWVhE General InformationECS 253 Spring 2001Page 1 HUV >RSWHUV VVl HUV >RHUV UWWh>Last modified at 3:06 pm on Tuesday, April 3, 2001 HHˆ>RUHHˆXX l HHˆ>RHHˆWWX` dLeftdRRightd ReferenceddHTMLd4HTMLd Headingsd d !d 9d Bd Ld d F@@ `Mapping Table Title. @@ `Body. f@ `Body.  f@P` TitleBody. @@ `Footer. f@T ` TableTitleT:Table : . f@ `Body. f@T `Heading1Body. f@ `Body. f@ # Body. f@T `Heading1Body. @@ `Header Double Line. @@ ` $ H l      D h  ManHeading. @@ ` $ H l      D h  ManBody. @@ ` $ H l      D h  ManHeading. @@ ` ManHeading2. $$@@ #  $ H l      D h  ManCode. f@ ` CellFooting. f@ ` CellHeading. f@ ` CellBody. f@ `@.@.@.Date. @@ ` $ H l      D h  ManBody. @@ `Mapping Table Cell. f@ `! Bulleted\t. @@9Mapping Table Cell. @@ 9Mapping Table Cell. @@ `Mapping Table Cell. f@ `...Date. f@ `...Date. f@ ` Bulleted\t. mf@ `l. DateProject.  f@P` TitleBody. f@NE ` Numbered1 N:.Numbered. L̀Lf@N ` Numbered N:.< =1>. f@ ` Answer1ItalicAnswer: . f@$` .Line Single Line. f@ `Body. f@ ` BodySpaced. f@ ` Bulleted\t. f@ `...Date. mf@ `l. DateProject. @@ `Header Double Line. f@ # $.6.Z.~..CodeC. f@T `Heading1Body. f@T `Heading1Body. $f@ ` Answer. f@ ` NumberedSpaced. f@ `.Reading.  f@P`TitleBody. f@$`.Line Single Line. f@ `CellBody. f@ ` CellHeading. f@ ` Footnote. f@T `Heading2Body. f@T ` HeadingRunInBody. f@ ` Indented. f@ ` TableFootnote. f@T ` TableTitleT:Table : . f@NE ` Numbered1 N:.Numbered. $f@L `$. Lettereda L:.. $f@L `$. LetteredL:.. L̀Lf@N ` Numbered N:.< =1>. 6$f@R `6. Romani R:.. 6$f@R `6. RomanR:.. f@ ` BodyIndent. f@ # $.6.Z.u..CodeASM. Hf@ `H.. 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